Welcome to Happy Hookbills

Just brought home a african grey? Here's a practical checklist and a simple routine to help you get started with confidence:

• Cage: Choose a cage that is at least 24"x24"x30" with horizontal bars for climbing. A great option is the Mcage Extra Large Parrot Cage, which offers plenty of space for your bird to move around comfortably.
• Perches: Provide a mix of textures and thicknesses to support foot health. The 6-Piece Bird Perch Set and the JW Pet Comfy Perch are excellent for variety and comfort.
• Pellets: High-quality pellets should make up the base of your african grey’s diet. Recommended brands include Harrison's, RoudyBush, and TOP's Parrot Food.
• Dishes: Use stainless steel or BPA-free plastic bowls for food, water, and chop. Refresh water daily.
• Lighting: If your african grey doesn't receive regular sunlight, use a full-spectrum UVB lamp such as the Oiibo Avian Sun Lamp with a Lucky Herp UVB Bulb to promote healthy calcium absorption and mood regulation.
• Toys: Start with 2–3 bird-safe toys that encourage chewing, shredding, or climbing. The KATUMO Bird Toy is a reliable and affordable option to begin with.

Sample Daily Routine:

• Morning: Uncover the cage and provide fresh pellets and clean water
• Midday: Offer supervised out-of-cage time and training sessions
• Afternoon: Serve fresh chop or vegetables
• Evening: Calm playtime or social interaction, then return to cage
• Night: Cover the cage to ensure 10–12 hours of dark, quiet sleep

With these essentials and a consistent daily schedule, you'll set your african grey up for a happy and healthy life in your home.

African Greys are highly vocal birds that use a variety of sounds to communicate their needs, emotions, and environment. Learning to interpret these vocal cues will deepen your bond and help you respond appropriately to your bird’s needs.

• Happy Chirping: Soft, rhythmic chirps often occur while your african grey is relaxed, preening, or simply sitting contentedly near you. This is a sign of comfort and emotional security.
• Excited Whistling or Rapid Chirping: High-pitched chirps or whistles repeated quickly usually indicate excitement or anticipation, especially when playing, receiving attention, or expecting a favorite treat.
• Contact Call: A louder squawk or screech typically occurs when you leave the room or your bird can't see you. This is your african grey calling out to make sure you're still nearby—common in bonded birds.
• Alarm Screech: A sudden, piercing scream often signals fear or the presence of something unfamiliar or threatening, such as a new object, loud noise, or stranger in the home.
• Warning Growl: A low, raspy grinding or growl means your african grey is irritated or feels threatened. It’s a clear cue to back off and give them space. Ignoring this warning may lead to a defensive bite.

Tips for Healthy Communication:

• Respond calmly to contact calls with a whistle or short verbal reassurance from another room. This lets your bird know you're nearby and builds trust.
• Avoid yelling or scolding when your bird is vocalizing. Loud responses can actually encourage more screaming by making it a shared activity.
• Establish a predictable routine to reduce anxiety-related calling or screaming. Birds thrive on consistency.
• Ensure your bird gets sufficient sleep (10–12 hours of darkness) and daytime stimulation. Boredom and fatigue can both lead to excessive vocalizations.

Understanding your african grey’s voice is one of the most rewarding parts of bird ownership. Over time, you'll start to notice unique sounds specific to your individual bird.

Avian emergencies can escalate rapidly. Every african grey owner should be prepared to handle sudden injuries, illnesses, or behavioral red flags with a calm, informed approach until professional veterinary help is available.

Build a Bird-Safe First Aid Kit

• Styptic powder: Stops minor bleeding from clipped nails or small cuts.
• Vet wrap: Self-adhering, non-stick bandage wrap for securing dressings without harming feathers.
• Tweezers: Useful for removing debris or handling small items.
• Flashlight: Helps inspect injuries or signs of illness in low light or beneath feathers.
• Hand towels: For safe restraint or creating a makeshift recovery area.
• Heating pad: Vital for stabilizing birds in shock—set on low and wrap to prevent burns. A thermostatic bird warmer like the Thermostatical Bird Warmer can provide safer warmth.
• Saline solution: For flushing eyes, wounds, or nostrils if needed.
• Emergency vet contact list: Have a local avian vet’s number readily available, plus backup clinics that accept birds after hours.

Recognize Critical Situations

• Active Bleeding: Apply direct pressure with gauze and use styptic powder if necessary. Do not use styptic on open wounds or around eyes.
• Egg Binding (in females): Suspect if your bird is lethargic, straining, or puffed on the cage bottom. Provide warmth and call your vet immediately.
• Open-Mouth Breathing: May indicate respiratory distress or overheating. Move the bird to a quiet area and seek emergency veterinary care without delay.
• Fluffed feathers and inactivity: Often a subtle sign of serious illness—especially if combined with reduced appetite or change in droppings.

Quarantine & Disease Prevention

All new birds or those showing signs of illness should be quarantined for 30 days in a separate room using separate dishes, towels, and cleaning tools. This helps protect your existing flock from contagious illnesses like Psittacosis or avian bornavirus.

Preparation saves lives. Having the right tools and a plan in place gives your african grey the best chance of recovery during an emergency.

View a Recommended Avian Emergency Kit

Bringing home your first african grey is an exciting decision! Consider factors like sex, age, and personality to find the best match for your lifestyle. Below are key points—pros and cons—to help you choose.

Sex: Males vs. Females

• Male African Greys
  • Pros:
    • Tend to be more consistent in behavior once paired to their human.
    • Often less prone to hormonal mood swings (depending on species).
    • Typically quieter during breeding season (fewer nesting behaviors).
  • Cons:
    • May occasionally exhibit more cheeky or attention-seeking behaviors (e.g., shrieking or performing for attention).
    • Some males can become territorial during breeding season if nesting materials are available.
• Female African Greys
  • Pros:
    • Often display nurturing behaviors and may be more inclined to bond closely during nesting phases.
    • Some females mellow out after their first year if their hormonal cycle stabilizes.
    • Better at adapting to routines involving “family” care (e.g., step up readily if treated gently).
  • Cons:
    • Can become more territorial or aggressive during breeding season, especially if they find a spot to “nest.”
    • May exhibit fluctuating moods or increased hormonal behaviors (biting, screaming) around 6–12 months of age.
    • Periodic egg laying—if no mate is present, this can lead to health issues like egg binding or calcium depletion.
• Sexing Accuracy
  • DNA testing or surgical sexing is required—visual sex differences in most african grey species are minimal or non-existent.
  • Bird shops and breeders should provide DNA test results; always verify paperwork or request a new DNA test if uncertain.

Age: Young (Juvenile) vs. Adult African Greys

• Young/Juvenile African Greys (3–6 months old)
  • Pros:
    • Easier to imprint and train—will adapt more quickly to your routines and bonding methods.
    • Lower risk of having pre-established behavioral issues (e.g., fear-based aggression).
    • Often more playful and curious—great for building a long-term relationship.
  • Cons:
    • Require more hands-on socialization and supervision to prevent unwanted behaviors (e.g., excessive chewing).
    • Still developing immune systems—prone to minor health issues if not properly cared for (diet, hygiene).
    • Typically quieter at first, but vocalizations increase as they mature (can be loud).
• Adult African Greys (1 year and older)
  • Pros:
    • Established personality and temperament—you’ll know more about energy levels, friendliness, and noise tendencies.
    • Often require less intensive training; may already be comfortable with basic handling or cage routines.
    • Generally have a stronger immune system if they have been well cared for by the previous owner or breeder.
  • Cons:
    • May have ingrained behaviors—some unwanted habits (nipping, screaming, fear of hands) can be harder to change.
    • Potentially bonded to a previous owner—might take longer to trust and warm up to you.
    • Health history could be incomplete; always request veterinary records or perform a new health check.
• Senior or Older African Greys (5+ years)
  • Pros:
    • Often calmer and more settled—less destructive chewing and excessive vocalization.
    • Good for owners who want a companion without high-energy playtime demands.
  • Cons:
    • Potential for age-related health issues (arthritis, liver or kidney concerns, dental/ beak problems).
    • Shorter remaining lifespan (average african grey lifespan is 20–30 years), which can be emotionally difficult.

Other Considerations Before Selecting

• Species Differences:
  • Green-Cheeked African Grey:
    • Smaller (10″ wingspan), quieter than many other african greys, and very playful—often recommended for first-time owners.
  • Sun African Grey:
    • Brightly colored and highly social, but can be very loud—requires committed training and patience.
  • Jenday/Golden-Capped African Grey:
    • Vibrant plumage and affectionate but also known for strong vocalizations. Suited to owners who want a charismatic, interactive bird.
  • Other Varieties (Nanday, Blue-Crowned, Crimson-Bellied, etc.):
    • Each species has unique temperament, size, and noise levels—research breed-specific traits to find the best fit.
• Source & History:
  • Choose a reputable breeder or rescue—verify health clearances (PBFD, polyomavirus) and request UTD veterinary records.
  • Visiting in person allows you to observe general health (bright eyes, clean vents, alert posture) and behavior (curiosity, friendliness).
• Time & Commitment:
  • African Greys are social birds requiring 2–4 hours of daily interaction. Ensure your schedule allows for playtime, training, and mental stimulation.
  • Factor in ongoing costs: high-quality pellet diet, fresh produce, toys, veterinary checkups, and cage upgrades.
• Noise Level & Environment:
  • Consider your living situation—apartments, close neighbors, or noise-sensitive family members may be affected by a louder african grey breed.
  • Ensure you have adequate space for a suitably sized cage (minimum 18″×18″×18″ for smaller african greys, larger for big species) and play stands.
• Budget:
  • Initial cost of the bird varies widely ($150–$650 USD depending on species, age, and breeder reputation).
  • Include budget for essential supplies: cage, perches, toys, food, veterinary checkups, and emergency funds.

African Greys are known for their bold personalities, vocal nature, and strong bonds with their humans. While individual behavior varies by bird, different african grey species have some distinct tendencies. Here's what to expect from each type, and how to encourage a healthy, happy relationship.

Green-Cheeked African Grey Behavior

• Playful but Gentle: Typically less loud than other african greys, they enjoy acrobatics, swinging, and cuddling once bonded.
• Mischievous Nibblers: Love to chew on fingers and clothes—not aggressive, but need consistent redirection.
• Moderate Talkers: May learn a few words or phrases, but prefer whistles, clicks, and gentle chirps.
• Affectionate but Independent: Often bond to one person but tolerate others; can entertain themselves with toys when properly enriched.

Sun African Grey Behavior

• Loud & Proud: Known for high-volume squawking, especially at dawn, dusk, or when seeking attention.
• Highly Social: Crave interaction and may scream or act out when left alone too long.
• Affectionate & Clingy: Love to cuddle and ride on shoulders—some will follow you from room to room.
• Energetic & Emotional: Quick to show excitement or frustration; routines and positive reinforcement help maintain balance.

Jenday & Golden-Capped African Grey Behavior

• Outgoing & Curious: These birds enjoy exploring and interacting with toys and people alike.
• Vocal Communicators: Loud, expressive calls—will often mimic household noises or alert you to anything unusual.
• Strong Pair Bonding: Can form intense attachments to one person and may guard them from others.
• Entertainers: Known for clown-like antics and a love of being the center of attention.

Other African Greys (Nanday, Blue-Crowned, Crimson-Bellied, etc.)

• Variable Noise Levels: Nandays and Blue-Crowned African Greys are especially loud; Crimson-Bellied are quieter and more reserved.
• Highly Intelligent: Blue-Crowned and Crimson-Bellied african greys in particular excel at problem-solving and can learn tricks or routines quickly.
• Bold or Reserved: Nandays can be sassy and assertive, while Crimson-Bellied are more mellow and observant.
• May Require More Space: Larger species need bigger cages and more enrichment to avoid stress behaviors.

General Behavior Tips for All African Greys

• Daily Interaction: Spend 2–4 hours daily interacting with your african grey to prevent loneliness and boredom-based behaviors.
• Enrichment & Toys: Offer chewable wood, foraging puzzles, swings, and foot toys—rotate regularly to prevent boredom.
• Positive Reinforcement: Use treats, praise, and gentle repetition to reward desired behaviors like stepping up or quiet vocalizing.
• Watch for Red Flags: Sudden biting, screaming, or feather plucking may indicate stress, illness, or lack of stimulation. Consult an avian vet when in doubt.

African Greys are flock-oriented parrots with deep social needs. Whether you keep a single bird or house multiple african greys, your setup will affect their bonding, behavior, and enrichment needs. Below is a comparison of each approach—including important considerations for adding a second bird later on.

Keeping a Single African Grey

• Pros:
  • Forms a strong bond with you—often seeing you as their primary companion.
  • Easier to train and more responsive to human speech, routines, and handling.
  • More likely to stay engaged with you instead of focusing on another bird.
• Cons:
  • Requires significant daily interaction to prevent boredom or separation stress.
  • Without mental stimulation, may develop behaviors like feather plucking or excessive screaming.
  • Can become overbonded and territorial, especially during hormonal periods.

Keeping Two or More African Greys

• Pros:
  • Built-in companionship reduces loneliness and provides natural enrichment.
  • Encourages natural flock behaviors like mutual preening, calling, and shared foraging.
  • May improve overall mood and energy, especially for birds prone to anxiety or boredom.
• Cons:
  • May bond more to each other than to you, decreasing your influence or interaction time.
  • Requires more resources—double the toys, food, vet care, and cage space.
  • Risk of territorial conflict if birds are mismatched in age, species, or temperament.

Adding a Second African Grey Later

• Pros:
  • Allows you to establish a solid bond and training routine with your first bird first.
  • Gives you time to learn your bird's personality and prepare for introducing another safely.
• Cons:
  • Your original bird may see the newcomer as a threat to their territory or your attention.
  • New birds can carry illnesses even if they seem healthy—strict quarantine is essential.
  • Introductions require patience, neutral ground, and sometimes separate cages long-term.

Housing & Supplies

If housing multiple birds, opt for a large double-door or flight cage such as the Prevue Pet Flight Cage. Even bonded birds may need separate spaces at times, so consider having an extra cage on hand.

Provide multiple sets of toys and enrichment items to minimize territorial stress. Playstands like the Natural Wood Playground help share space outside the cage while reducing crowding.

Important Tips for Multi-Bird Homes

• Quarantine all new birds for at least 30 days in a separate room using separate tools and dishes.
• Introduce birds slowly, starting with sight-only contact through cages before any shared space.
• Observe closely for body language—fluffing, lunging, screaming, or territorial lunges may signal incompatibility.
• Even if bonded, african greys need individual human interaction to stay socialized and tame.

There’s no universal answer—some african greys flourish solo with strong human companionship, while others benefit from having a flockmate. Consider your lifestyle, schedule, and your bird’s unique temperament before committing to one or more birds.

• Sleep: African Greys need 10–12 hours of uninterrupted sleep in a quiet, dark, and draft-free area. Use a breathable cage cover or set up a dedicated sleep cage in a low-traffic room. Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to irritability, plucking, and aggression.
• Lighting: Birds require daily exposure to full-spectrum light to maintain healthy behavior, vision, and vitamin D₃ levels. If natural sunlight isn’t available, supplement with a UVB lamp like the Oiibo Avian Sun Lamp and replace bulbs periodically using the Lucky Herp UVB Bulb. Avoid sunlight through windows, which blocks UVB rays.
• Exercise & Enrichment: African Greys are energetic and intelligent. Aim for at least 2 hours of supervised out-of-cage time each day. Provide:
  • A bird-safe climbing gym or playstand such as the Natural Wood Playground
  • Rotating chewable toys like the KATUMO Bird Toy to reduce boredom
  • DIY foraging setups (treats in paper cups or boxes) to encourage natural problem-solving
• Feeding Schedule:
  • Morning: Offer high-quality pellets like Harrison's, RoudyBush, or TOP's. Use about ¼–⅓ cup and remove uneaten portions after 1–2 hours.
  • Midday: Serve fresh vegetables or a spoonful of chop. Rotate items like leafy greens, bell peppers, and squash. Small seed mixes or almonds can be used as training treats.
  • Evening: Top off pellets and optionally offer a small portion of fruit (e.g., berries, apple slices). Remove perishables after 1 hour to avoid spoilage.
  • Water: Change twice daily and anytime it becomes cloudy or contaminated with food or droppings.
• Grooming: Bathing 2–3 times weekly supports healthy feathers. Also:
  • Nail Trimming: Check weekly. Use bird-safe nail clippers or visit a vet or groomer if unsure.
  • Beak Maintenance: Offer cuttlebone or mineral blocks to help with beak wear.
  • Feather Check: Look for breakage, ragged edges, or signs of mites around the vent (tiny black dots).
• Cleaning & Cage Setup:
  • Daily: Spot clean droppings, spilled food, and change cage liners.
  • Weekly: Remove and scrub perches, bowls, and toys using a bird-safe cleaner like the Recommended Cleaning Spray. Rinse and dry thoroughly.
  • Perches: Use varied diameters—natural wood, rope, or mineral—to exercise foot muscles and avoid sores. See: 6-Piece Bird Perch Set and JW Pet Comfy Perch.
  • Toy Rotation: Swap toys weekly to maintain interest and safety. Discard any with frayed cords or broken parts.
  • Placement: Keep the cage at eye level, in a bright room with no drafts. Avoid kitchens (fumes) and scented areas.
• Environment: Maintain a stable indoor temperature between 65–80°F (18–27°C). Avoid cold drafts and sudden fluctuations. For extra warmth during winter, use a safe heater like the Thermostatical Bird Warmer, mounted securely outside the cage.
  
  Humidity should remain between 40–60%. If your home is dry, consider a warm mist humidifier like the recommended model here to reduce dry skin and feather brittleness.
• Socialization: African Greys are affectionate parrots that thrive on attention. Spend 30–60 minutes daily in direct interaction—talking, target training, or gentle handling. If you work long hours, consider adding a second bird (after proper quarantine and introductions).
• Health Monitoring & Vet Care:
  • Perform a quick wellness check daily while cleaning: alertness, appetite, posture, eyes, and droppings.
  • Weigh your african grey weekly with a small digital kitchen scale (1g accuracy). Log the weight to monitor trends.
  • Watch for warning signs: fluffed feathers, lethargy, loss of voice, labored breathing, or drastic behavior changes.
  • Schedule an annual wellness visit with a certified avian vet. Preventative bloodwork helps detect hidden illnesses early.

African Greys are resilient birds, but they can still develop illnesses that progress rapidly if not addressed early. Because parrots naturally hide symptoms to avoid appearing vulnerable, owners must learn to recognize subtle signs of trouble.

• Psittacosis (Parrot Fever): A dangerous bacterial infection caused by Chlamydia psittaci. Symptoms include nasal discharge, sneezing, diarrhea, lethargy, and eye swelling. This disease is contagious to humans. Requires immediate veterinary care and antibiotics.
• Aspergillosis: A respiratory fungal infection from mold spores found in damp bedding, uneaten food, or poorly ventilated cages. Watch for wheezing, labored breathing, tail bobbing, and lethargy. Prevent with good airflow and regular cleaning using a safe disinfectant like the Recommended Cleaning Spray.
• Avian Bornavirus / PDD: Affects the digestive and nervous systems. Symptoms include weight loss despite eating, imbalance, regurgitation, and undigested seeds in droppings. There is no cure—only supportive care can be provided.
• Feather Plucking / Barbering: Often stress-induced but may stem from diet, boredom, or illness. Early intervention with enrichment (e.g., KATUMO Bird Toy) and vet support can prevent long-term damage.
• Fatty Liver Disease: Caused by seed-heavy or high-fat diets. Signs include yellowish skin, labored breathing, overgrown beak, and lethargy. Prevention includes a balanced diet with quality pellets such as Harrison's or RoudyBush.
• Egg Binding (Females): A medical emergency in which the bird cannot pass an egg. Symptoms include sitting on the cage bottom, fluffed appearance, straining, and tail bobbing. Immediate vet attention and gentle warmth are essential—consider a Thermostatical Bird Warmer during transport.
• Beak & Feather Abnormalities: Dull feathers or flaky, misshapen beaks may indicate malnutrition, liver dysfunction, or diseases like PBFD (Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease). These require testing and vet diagnostics.

Preventative Care

• Annual Avian Vet Exams: Schedule yearly wellness checks including physicals, blood panels, and fecal tests. Birds hide illness well—routine diagnostics are essential.
• Vaccines: African Greys do not require routine vaccinations. In special cases (e.g., aviary breeding), a polyomavirus vaccine may be advised. Ask your vet based on your bird's lifestyle and exposure risk.
• Quarantine New Birds: Isolate all new additions for a minimum of 30 days in a separate room, using separate tools and food dishes, to prevent the spread of viruses or parasites.
• Weight Tracking: Weigh your bird weekly using a kitchen scale accurate to 1 gram. Healthy adult Green Cheek African Greys typically weigh between 60–80 grams. Track changes over time in a journal or app.
• Balanced Diet: Eliminate seed-only diets. Focus on organic pellets (e.g., TOP’s Parrot Food), vegetables, and limited fruits. A poor diet is the most common cause of preventable disease.
• Clean Environment: Avoid air toxins (see “Home Dangers” section), clean the cage regularly, and provide good airflow and natural light. Mold, dust, and stale air can trigger respiratory illness.

When to Call a Vet: Act quickly if your african grey is fluffed up for long periods, sitting on the cage floor, refusing food, or showing unusual behavior. Birds can decline within hours—err on the side of caution.

Is Your African Grey Showing Concerning Symptoms?

This self-check tool does not replace a veterinarian, but it may help you assess your bird’s condition:

Just like humans, african greys need natural sunlight or artificial full-spectrum UV lighting for optimal health. UVB rays enable the synthesis of vitamin D₃, which supports calcium absorption, strong bones, healthy feathers, hormonal balance, and mood regulation.

Why UVB Lighting Is Crucial for Indoor Birds

• Bone and beak strength: Prevents calcium deficiencies, metabolic bone disease (MBD), and soft beaks.
• Immune health: Supports immune function and lowers the risk of infections.
• Behavioral stability: Helps regulate hormones, minimizing screaming, aggression, and feather-plucking.
• Feather vibrancy: UVA rays improve feather color, stimulate preening, and aid visual communication.
• Circadian rhythm: Full-spectrum lighting mimics natural day-night cycles, encouraging restful sleep and natural foraging behaviors.

Photoperiod and Hormone Control

Improper lighting duration and intensity can trigger hormonal imbalances, leading to excessive aggression, chronic egg-laying, territorial behavior, or disrupted molting cycles.

• Prolonged daylight can trigger breeding behavior, aggression, and stress.
• Unstable light cycles can disrupt molting and interfere with hormone regulation.
• Exposure to natural or simulated sunrise/sunset supports emotional stability.

Seasonal Light Adjustments

• Spring/Summer: Provide 12–14 hours of full-spectrum light per day.
• Fall/Winter: Reduce to 10–12 hours to reflect shorter natural days.
• Use automatic timers to maintain consistent photoperiods and reduce stress.

Replicating natural light patterns reduces hormonal behavior, improves feather condition, and promotes general well-being in captive african greys.

Choosing the Right Avian Light

• Use avian-specific bulbs labeled full-spectrum with UVB.
• Install the light 12–18 inches above the cage—never behind glass or plastic.
• Provide 10–12 hours of light daily and adjust seasonally.
• Replace bulbs every 6–12 months even if they still glow—UVB output fades over time.
• Use safe fixtures with protective covers to avoid burns or breakage.

Recommended: Oiibo Avian Sun Lamp | UVB Replacement Bulb

• Pellets (60–80%): Form the nutritional foundation. Choose high-quality, organic pellets such as Harrison’s, RoudyBush, or TOP's. These ensure complete, balanced nutrition without artificial additives.
• Fruits & Vegetables (20–40%): Provide a colorful mix of fresh produce daily. Safe options include leafy greens, bell peppers, carrots, apples (no seeds), berries, and mango. Avoid avocado, onion, garlic, chocolate, caffeine, and rhubarb.
• Seeds & Treats (≤10%): Seeds should be used sparingly, primarily as rewards. Small amounts of millet, hemp, and nuts are fine—but avoid seed-only mixes to prevent obesity and nutritional imbalance.
• Water: Offer fresh, clean water at all times. Change it at least once daily, more often in warm weather or if soiled. Avoid flavored or vitamin-enriched water unless directed by a vet.
• Supplements: Provide a cuttlebone or mineral block in the cage for natural calcium and beak maintenance. Avoid additional supplements if feeding a pellet-based diet, unless advised by your avian vet. For added micronutrients, The Missing Link Avian Supplement can be used in moderation.

Choosing the right pellet is essential for your parrot’s long‑term health. Poor nutrition is a leading cause of chronic illness in captive birds. Below is a ranked list of the most widely used brands, including pros, cons, and nutritional considerations:

Note: Regardless of pellet choice, always offer daily fresh vegetables, leafy greens, and a variety of safe fruits to meet your bird’s full nutritional needs. Pellets should make up 50–70% of the diet. Consult an avian vet if you’re unsure which diet is ideal for your species.

Making “chop” ensures variety and nutrition. Keeps 3–4 days refrigerated or up to 1 month frozen. Use a food processor for consistent sizing of all your ingredients. Recommended Food Processor

🥦 Simple Chop

• 1 cup kale or collard greens
• 1 cup broccoli
• ½ cup carrots
• ½ red bell pepper
• ½ cup sweet potato (steamed)
• ¼ cup quinoa or brown rice
• ¼ cup lentils or mung beans
• 1 tbsp ground flaxseed or chia seed
• 1 tbsp unsweetened shredded coconut
• 1 tbsp chopped parsley or cilantro
• 2 tbsp chopped apple (no seeds)
• 2 tbsp blueberries or grapes (seedless)

Instructions:

1. Cook grains/legumes; cool.
2. Steam tougher veggies; cool.
3. Chop or pulse all ingredients.
4. Mix and portion into containers.
5. Refrigerate 3–4 days or freeze up to 1 month.

Reminders:

• No avocado, onion, garlic, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, salty/sugary items.
• Wash produce thoroughly.
• Serve at room temperature.

A african grey’s cage is more than just housing—it’s their home base, safe zone, and primary environment. Every detail, from cage size and placement to perch variety and toy rotation, directly impacts your bird’s physical and emotional well-being.

• Recommended Cage: Choose a sturdy powder-coated or stainless-steel cage to prevent rust and make cleaning easier. Horizontal bars on at least two sides encourage climbing. Bar spacing should be between ½″ and ¾″ to prevent injury. A great option is the Mcage Extra Large Parrot Cage for its spacious and bird-safe design.
• Minimum Size: A single african grey needs at least 24″×24″×30″ of space—but bigger is always better. Look for a cage tall enough to allow wing-flapping, vertical climbing, and toy use without crowding.
• Placement: Position the cage in a well-lit, draft-free area—preferably against a wall or in a corner for added security. Avoid kitchens (fumes and heat) and noisy high-traffic areas. Ensure some natural daylight, but keep the cage out of direct sun and drafts.
• Perches: Provide a variety of 3–4 perch types:
  • Natural wood branches (e.g., manzanita or Java wood)
  • Rope perches like the JW Pet Comfy Perch for flexible foot positioning
  • One grooming perch (e.g., cement or pumice—never sandpaper)
  Vary perch diameter to exercise foot muscles and prevent pressure sores.
• Food & Water Bowls: Use stainless steel or BPA-free plastic bowls with locking mechanisms to avoid tipping. Keep them away from perches to reduce contamination. Consider Quick Lock Bowls for added stability and convenience.
• Toys & Enrichment: African Greys thrive on mental stimulation. Rotate toys weekly to avoid boredom and over-familiarity. Include:
  • Shreddable toys (paper, palm, soft wood)
  • Foraging toys (treats hidden in boxes or puzzles)
  • Climbing toys (ladders, ropes, swings)
  • Sound-producing toys (bells or rattles)
  Inspect all toys weekly for wear and remove any with loose threads or dangerous parts. One great option is the KATUMO Bird Toy Set.
• Cleaning Routine:
  • Daily: Replace cage liner, refresh food and water, and wipe obvious messes.
  • Weekly: Disinfect perches, bars, and dishes using a bird-safe product such as the Bird-Safe Cage Cleaner.
  • Monthly: Do a full cage scrub—removing grates, base tray, and all accessories for deep-cleaning and rinsing.
  Cleanliness is vital to avoid bacterial and fungal buildup that can lead to respiratory or digestive illness.
• Lighting: Provide full-spectrum UVB lighting (such as the Oiibo Avian Sun Lamp) if natural light is limited. Place fixtures above the cage—not inside—and use timers to simulate natural daylight cycles (10–12 hours/day).
• Sleep Environment: African Greys need 10–12 hours of dark, quiet rest each night. Provide:
  • A breathable cage cover at bedtime, or
  • A separate sleep cage in a quiet, dimly lit room
  Avoid noise from TVs, appliances, or foot traffic during sleep hours to ensure a stress-free rest.
• Companionship: African Greys are flock birds. A single bird needs daily one-on-one time with you for social development. Bonded pairs can offer mutual companionship—but may bond more with each other than with you. Only add a second bird if you're ready to care for two individually.

African Greys are intelligent and active birds that require plenty of mental and physical stimulation to stay happy and healthy. Providing a variety of toys and enrichment activities helps prevent boredom, reduces destructive behaviors, and promotes natural instincts like chewing and foraging.

• Toys: Offer a mix of textures and types including wood blocks, leather strips, foraging toys, shreddable paper or palm leaves, bells, and ladders. These provide different sensory experiences and encourage natural behaviors like chewing, climbing, and problem-solving.
• Rotation: Change or rotate toys at least once a week to maintain your african grey’s interest. Introducing “new” toys frequently keeps their environment exciting and engaging.
• Foraging: Hide favorite treats inside puzzle or foraging toys to stimulate your bird’s natural food-seeking behaviors. This activity encourages mental exercise and can reduce boredom-related behaviors like feather plucking.
• Play Areas: Create safe play spaces outside the cage using climbing stands, bird gyms, swings, and ropes. These encourage exercise, coordination, and social interaction, essential for your african grey’s well-being.
• Toy Safety: Always inspect toys regularly for wear or damage. Remove any items with loose strings, sharp edges, or toxic materials. Avoid toys with small parts that can be swallowed or plastic components that can break easily.
• DIY Enrichment Ideas: Simple homemade toys can be made from household items like untreated wood scraps, cardboard tubes, paper towel rolls stuffed with shredded paper, or safe kitchen herbs tied to ropes. These provide affordable, creative stimulation and allow you to tailor toys to your bird’s preferences.
• Recommended: Variety of African Grey Toys and Enrichment Items

• Step-Up: Teach your african grey to step onto your finger or hand by gently pressing your finger against their lower chest while saying “step up.” Reward with praise or a small treat. This is a basic handling skill that builds trust and makes daily interactions easier.
• Tricks: African Greys are intelligent and enjoy mental stimulation. Start with simple tricks like turning in a circle (“turn”), waving a foot (“wave”), or picking up small items (“fetch”). Use clicker training or consistent verbal cues along with treats to reinforce learning.
• Bonds: Spend quality time daily with your african grey to build a strong relationship. Include all family members in feeding, handling, and playtime to encourage socialization and reduce one-person bonding or jealousy behaviors.
• Prevent Biting: If your bird bites, calmly remove your hand or end interaction without shouting or reacting dramatically. Avoid punishment, which can harm trust. Focus on identifying triggers and redirecting attention to positive behavior.
• Routine: Parrots thrive on consistency. Maintain a daily routine for feeding, training, play, and sleep. A regular schedule helps reduce stress, prevents behavioral issues, and promotes better learning and bonding.
• Positive Reinforcement: Use rewards like favorite treats, toys, or affection to encourage desired behaviors. Avoid negative reinforcement—African Greys respond best to patience and encouragement.
• Early Socialization: If your bird is young, expose them to gentle handling, new toys, various household sounds, and safe experiences early on. Early socialization sets the foundation for a confident, well-adjusted pet.
• Enrichment: Rotate toys and introduce foraging activities to keep your african grey mentally stimulated. Birds with plenty to do are less likely to develop problem behaviors like screaming or feather plucking.

• Bathing: African Greys need regular access to water for bathing to keep their feathers clean and skin hydrated. Offer a shallow dish of lukewarm water or gently mist them with a spray bottle 2–3 times per week. Some birds prefer hopping into the sink or joining you in the shower. Always let them choose the method they’re most comfortable with.
• Nails: Nails should be trimmed when they become sharp or start catching on fabric. This typically occurs every 4–6 weeks. Use bird-safe nail trimmers and a styptic powder for safety. If you’re unsure or nervous, consult an avian vet or certified groomer. Natural perches made from rough bark can help keep nails in check between trims.
• Beak: A healthy african grey will naturally maintain its beak through chewing. Offer safe chew toys, natural wood perches, and cuttlebone or mineral blocks. Overgrown or misshapen beaks may signal dietary deficiencies or health issues—schedule a vet visit if you notice abnormalities.
• Wings: Wing clipping is optional and should only be done by a professional. Some owners clip wings for safety during training, but many prefer to allow full flight for exercise and natural behavior. If clipped, the bird should still be able to glide safely and not crash land. Never attempt clipping without guidance.
• Health Check: Perform a quick visual check of your bird daily. Look for clear eyes, upright posture, smooth breathing, clean vent, and well-groomed feathers. Any signs of puffing, lethargy, unusual droppings, or changes in eating/drinking habits should prompt a vet consult. Early detection is key to avian health.

• Wild-Type: Green body, gray chest, and maroon-red tail. This is the natural coloration found in wild African Greys and serves as the genetic baseline from which most captive color mutations are derived.
• Popular Color Mutations:
• Pineapple: A combination of Cinnamon and Yellow-Sided. Features a golden-yellow to peach chest, pale green back, and maroon tail. Often has a brighter, softer look with light eye rings. Popular for its vibrant and photogenic colors.
• Cinnamon: Soft tan and beige tones replace the typical dark greens. Reduced melanin gives the bird a warm, muted look. Often has red eyes as a chick which may darken in adulthood. Known for a gentle expression.
• Yellow-Sided: Vibrant yellow and red chest feathers, green back, and dark tail. Slightly less color intensity than Pineapple but still very bright. Often confused with Pineapple unless viewed side-by-side.
• Turquoise: A cooler mutation, replacing green with aqua or teal, and maroon tail with a darker blue-gray. Chest may appear silver to grayish. Highly popular for its exotic and calm appearance.
• Turquoise Pineapple / Mint: A pastel blend of turquoise and pineapple traits. Soft blues, creams, and peachy hues give this morph an ethereal, watercolor look. Sought after by collectors for rarity and appearance.
• Other Mutations (less common): Includes Dilute, American Dilute, Opaline, and combinations like Turquoise Cinnamon or Turquoise Yellow-Sided. These are usually produced by experienced breeders and may not be widely available.
• Genetic Inheritance:
• Sex-Linked: Cinnamon and Yellow-Sided mutations are sex-linked traits found on the Z chromosome. Since females (ZW) inherit only one Z chromosome, they will always express the mutation if inherited. Males (ZZ) can carry the gene silently (split).
• Recessive: Turquoise is a recessive trait—both parents must carry the gene for a chick to be visual. This makes Turquoise combinations harder to predict without known genetic lineage.
• Split vs. Visual: A "visual" bird shows the mutation in its feathers. A "split" bird carries the gene without showing any physical sign. Breeding two splits can produce surprising offspring, sometimes resulting in rare combinations.
• Breeding Outcomes: Using known splits allows breeders to selectively pair birds to achieve targeted colors. However, indiscriminate or uneducated breeding can lead to weaker genetics, feather quality issues, or even infertility.
• Punnett Squares: Many breeders use simple punnett square diagrams to map genetic probabilities. For example, two Cinnamon splits may produce 25% visual Cinnamon, 50% splits, and 25% normals.
• Behavior & Mutation Correlations:
• Some breeders and owners report slight behavioral differences in color mutations, such as Pineapples and Cinnamon appearing gentler or more timid. However, there's limited scientific evidence—most traits are shaped by environment, not color.
• Feather structure can sometimes differ subtly between mutations. Some diluted morphs may show weaker feathers or reduced waterproofing. This is still being studied and may vary by breeder quality.
• Ethical Breeding & Genetic Health:
• While color mutations are beautiful, breeding purely for appearance can sometimes lead to inbreeding or poor immune systems if done irresponsibly.
• It’s important to prioritize strong genetic lines, temperament, and health over novelty. Avoid purchasing from mass breeders or sellers who cannot provide lineage or care standards.
• Always consult with a responsible breeder who uses genetic testing to avoid harmful pairings or unknown splits.
• Fun Fact: The Pineapple mutation was named for its fruity mix of colors resembling the flesh and skin of a ripe pineapple.

• Behavior: Watch for sudden changes in mood or activity. Signs like unexplained aggression, constant hiding, feather plucking, excessive sleeping, or loss of interest in toys and food may indicate stress, pain, or illness.
• Droppings: Healthy droppings are firm with a clear distinction between the feces (green/brown), urates (white), and urine (clear). Runny, discolored, unusually foul-smelling, or bloody droppings can signal infection, parasites, or organ issues.
• Breathing: Normal breathing should be silent and effortless. Warning signs include open-mouth breathing while resting, wheezing, tail bobbing (tail moves up and down with each breath), and clicking sounds. These may indicate respiratory distress and require immediate attention.
• Eyes/Nostrils: Discharge, crustiness, or swelling around the eyes or nares (nostrils) can be symptoms of respiratory infection, sinusitis, or other illnesses. Clear eyes and dry nares are indicators of good health.
• Emergency: Seek urgent veterinary care if your bird experiences seizures, loss of coordination, sudden collapse, labored breathing, or refuses food and water for over 24 hours. Birds hide illness well—when symptoms are obvious, conditions may already be advanced.
• Vet: Schedule annual check-ups with an avian veterinarian to catch health issues early. Routine bloodwork, fecal exams, and physical exams help ensure your bird lives a long, healthy life.

African Greys, like all birds, are highly sensitive to household hazards. Their small size and delicate respiratory system make even trace amounts of toxins or physical dangers potentially fatal. Bird-proof your home with the same level of vigilance you'd use for an infant.

• PTFE/Teflon: Non-stick coatings on pans, rice cookers, irons, air fryers, and space heaters often contain PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). When overheated, they release odorless fumes that can kill birds within minutes. Only use cookware labeled PTFE and PFOA free. Bird-Safe Cookware
• Air Fresheners & Candles: Plug-ins, wax melts, scented sprays, and candles emit VOCs (volatile organic compounds) that irritate and damage birds’ lungs. Even “natural” scents like essential oils can be toxic. Avoid unless explicitly labeled bird-safe.
• Smoke & Vaping: Cigarette, cannabis, incense, and vape smoke contain fine particulates and chemicals that can lead to chronic respiratory illness or sudden death. Always keep birds in a smoke-free environment.
• Self-Cleaning Ovens: During cleaning cycles, ovens can emit dangerous fumes from burned food residues or internal PTFE coatings. Remove your bird from the house entirely before activating this mode.
• Cleaning Products: Avoid ammonia, bleach, phenols (often in pine or Lysol cleaners), and anything with strong fragrance. Safe alternatives include diluted white vinegar or baking soda.
• Heavy Metals: Lead and zinc can be found in some cage parts, keys, costume jewelry, blinds, and even older painted walls. Birds that chew on these can suffer poisoning, seizures, or death. Choose toys and hardware that are nickel-free, lead-free, and labeled bird-safe.
• Houseplants: Common toxic plants include pothos, peace lilies, philodendrons, and dieffenbachia. Choose safe options like spider plants, bamboo palm, or African violets.
• Electrical Cords: Curious parrots may chew through wires, risking electrocution. Use cord protectors or keep wires out of reach and unplugged when possible.
• Ceiling Fans & Open Windows: Never allow a flighted bird in a room with an active ceiling fan. Ensure all windows and doors are screened and secure before letting your bird out of its cage.
• Toilets, Sinks & Open Water: Birds can drown quickly in toilet bowls, sinks, or even unattended mugs. Keep lids closed and water sources covered when your bird is free-roaming.
• Small Items & Inhalants: Avoid leaving pills, beads, rubber bands, batteries, and coins in reach—these are choking hazards or toxic if swallowed. Nail polish remover, paint fumes, and glues are also harmful when airborne.

Golden Rule: If it’s unsafe for a baby’s lungs or mouth, it’s unsafe for your african grey.

Tip: Install HEPA air purifiers near bird rooms to reduce airborne irritants and improve indoor air quality. Read about air purifiers in the next section.

African Greys, like all birds, have a highly sensitive respiratory system that is easily irritated by airborne pollutants. Even small amounts of dust, fumes, or allergens can lead to serious respiratory issues. Using a quality air purifier is essential to keep the air clean and safe for your bird’s delicate lungs.

• Removes Dust & Dander: Birds produce fine feather dust and dander that can accumulate in your home, triggering allergies and respiratory irritation. A HEPA air purifier traps these tiny particles, improving air quality for both you and your bird.
• Filters Mold Spores & Pollen: Mold spores and pollen are common airborne allergens that can harm sensitive bird lungs and cause respiratory distress. Air purifiers help reduce these irritants, creating a healthier living environment.
• Captures Bacteria & Viruses: High-efficiency filters can capture airborne bacteria and viruses, reducing the risk of infectious diseases spreading in your home, especially important for keeping your african grey healthy.
• Neutralizes Odors: Bird cages can sometimes produce odors from food, droppings, or wet feathers. Air purifiers with activated carbon filters help absorb and neutralize these odors, keeping your home fresh and comfortable.
• Continuous Air Cleaning: Running an air purifier continuously ensures that the air remains clean throughout the day and night, protecting your bird’s delicate respiratory system from everyday pollutants, smoke, cooking fumes, and household chemicals.

Recommended Air Purifiers:

• Coway Airmega 400
• Coway Airmega 100

Need a fun, bird-inspired name for your african grey or feathered friend? Select a gender and click the button to generate a random name!

Toys for African Greys

• Foraging Wall Grass Mat
• 6-Piece Natural Wood Perch Set
• 3 Tier Playground
• Seagrass Hammock Swing
• Hanging Block & Bell Toy
• Foraging & Shredding Box

Food for African Greys

• Quick Lock Removable Bowls
• Harrison's Adult Lifetime Food
• Roudybush Daily Maintenance Food
• TOP's Small Hookbill Pellets
• Mazuri Nutritionally Complete
• The Missing Link Superfood
• Bird Safe Cookware